INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: In the unadjusted analysis, several factors—including age, sex, BMI, premedical history of T2D, hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) levels, preoperative glucose-insulin mixed infusion, use of other T2D medications, duration of SGLT2i cessation, and baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)—did not exhibit statistically significant differences between the postoperative MA group and the non-MA group.