IHO1 and Infertility: The phenotypes were milder in Iho1C7Δ/C7Δ mice as compared to Hormad1−/− mice, where inefficient axial recruitment of IHO1 was accompanied by (i) infertility, (ii) a complete elimination of spermatocytes at a mid pachytene-like stage and (iii) a > 3 fold lower testis size as compared to wild type (Fig. 3A)32,33,56.