The top 10 pathways annotated for upregulated DEGs in KEGG pathway enrichment analysis are presented in Fig. 4C, including the p53 signaling pathway, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, microRNAs in cancer, IL-17 signaling pathway, estrogen signaling pathway, ECM-receptor interaction, cellular senescence, cell cycle, cell adhesion molecules, cGMP-PKG signaling pathway, and pathways in bladder cancer. Here, TP53 is linked to urinary bladder cancer.