Elevated levels of sCD40L have also been observed in stable atherosclerosis in the carotid and coronary arteries.[74] Therefore, sCD40L has been suggested as a predictive biomarker for primary and recurrent cardiovascular events, such as myocardial infarction and stroke.[48,75,76] In recent studies, sCD40L has been shown to affect increasing lipid deposition and foam cell formation. This evidence concerns the gene CD40LG and atherosclerosis.