TNF and neoplasm: NLR is a combined indicator of neutrophil and lymphocyte count, which reflects the balance between neutrophil related tumor inflammation and lymphocyte dependent anti-tumor immune response to a certain extent.[33,34] Neutrophils stimulate capillary proliferation by secreting cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1, which is conducive to tumor growth and metastasis.[33,35] Lymphocytes play an anti-tumor immune role by inhibiting tumor cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis.