TGFB1 and neoplasm: By secreting immunosuppressive cytokines such as IL-10 and TGF-β, M2 macrophages have the characteristics of promoting tumor, including remodeling of the extracellular matrix, promotion of tumor cell invasion, and metastasis, angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, formation of a TME that favors immunosuppression, which is conducive to tumor progression (Mantovani et al. 2013, 2002).