The genetic alteration among NMRN1 (Fuchs et al., 2007), CRHR1 (Cheng et al., 2020; Rasmi et al., 2023), and HLA-DRB1 (Le Guen et al., 2023) in the brain cortex increased the risk of PD. Here, HLA-DRB1 is linked to Parkinson disease.