An increasing amount of evidence suggests a neuroprotective activity for TGF-β1 against Aβ neurotoxicity (Caraci et al., 2008; Dobolyi et al., 2012; Caraci et al., 2016; Torrisi et al., 2019), but the role of TGF-β1 in cognitive decline in DS subjects has not been investigated. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and Dravet syndrome.