Interestingly, therapeutic concentrations of fluoxetine applied to cultured PBMCs (1 μM for 24 h) were able to rescue TGF-β1 concentrations in the culture media of young adult individual DS PBMCs to control PBMC values, suggesting that fluoxetine, an SSRI endowed with neuroprotective activity, might rescue TGF-β1 concentrations in adult individuals with DS at higher risk to develop AD. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is Alzheimer disease.