According to this scenario, Iulita and colleagues found higher plasma ProNGF, MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-9, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 levels among individuals with DS and AD dementia as compared to healthy controls, and interestingly, plasma pro-inflammatory markers were identified as being elevated in DS individuals before the onset of dementia (Iulita et al., 2016b). Here, TNF is linked to dementia.