LDHA and central nervous system cancer: To underscore the pivotal role of lactate in mediating the polarized effects of macrophages, we treated glioma cells with an LDHA inhibitor, sodium oxamate (SO), to inhibit lactate production, and an MCT inhibitor, α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate (CHC), to reduce lactate efflux, respectively [15, 21, 24, 35].