CHEK2 and breast carcinoma: ATM has auto-phosphorylation kinase activity in phosphorylating its serine residues of Ser 367, Ser 1893, and Ser 1981, but none of the 147 shared PVs were located at these sites suggesting that these positions didn’t tolerate changes (Supplementary Table 4); CHEK2 is a serine/threonine-protein kinase in regulating cell cycle and apoptosis, repairing double-strand DNA damage through the ATM-CHK2-p53 pathway, and CHEK2 PVs increase breast cancer risk [40, 41].