We quantified the proportion of each CD34 + CD38+ and CD34 + CD38-HSPCs sub-populations detected in non-MDS samples without cytopenia (Supplementary Table 5) and this repartition was further used as a reference to analyze HSPCs distribution in BM samples from patients with cytopenia related or not to MDS through z-score calculation. Here, CD38 is linked to myelodysplastic syndrome.