In contrast, no or low significant differences of OS (p = 0.76), PFS (HR: 1.46; 95%CI: 1.07–2.00, p = 0.019) and LFS (HR: 1.59; 95%CI: 1.13–2.23, p = 0.0077) were observed between patients with low or normal level of CD38+HSPCs entropy among the group of patients with higher-risk MDS (HR-MDS) (Supplementary Fig. 10). The gene discussed is CD38; the disease is myelodysplastic syndrome.