We observed different types of abnormal HSPCs repartition in MDS samples such as accumulation of MLPs, LMPPs, MPP F2 (CD71 + CD110-), MPP F3 (CD71 + CD110 + ), GMPs, CMPMEP F2 (CD71 + CD110-), CMPMEP F3 (CD71 + CD110 + ) or decrease of GMPs and CMPMEP F3 (Supplementary Fig. 4A). Here, GMPS is linked to myelodysplastic syndrome.