VIM and urinary bladder cancer: Additionally, a study by El Azzouzi M et al. using the Methylation-Specific PCR (MSP) approach on 70 tumor biopsies from Moroccan bladder cancer patients, and demonstrated that hypermethylation of the hTERT, TWIST1, VIM, and NID2 genes, occurring at frequencies of 90%, 85.71%, 67.14%, and 67.14%, respectively, is a common epigenetic phenomenon in bladder cancer.