The findings replicated previous differential methylation T2D signals in TCF7L2 and KCNQ1, and found previously unreported signals including in TXNIP, ABCG1 and SREBF1, which have been subsequently replicated by other blood studies with more than 100 T2D cases.6, 7, 8, 9 More recent studies have also identified and replicated differential methylation in T2D at CPT1A.9 It is difficult to disentangle cause and effect, but the findings by Chambers et al.5 This evidence concerns the gene TXNIP and type 2 diabetes mellitus.