KRAS and cancer: A notable feature of KRAS mutant cancers, including those of the pancreas, colon, and lung, is that they tend to fall into two classes based on their canonical KRAS and TGF-β signaling; those that have a strong dependence on KRAS signaling (KRAS-dependent) or those that have less dependence on canonical KRAS signaling (KRAS-independent; Singh et al., 2009; Yuan et al., 2018).