It has been demonstrated (46) that Akkermansia can downregulate pro-inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 in colitis tissues, contributing to enhanced colonic epithelial barrier and relief from colonic inflammatory responses, which are attributed to Akkermansia’s role in NCRP3 activation for the subsequent release of IL-1b and IL-18. Here, CCL2 is linked to colitis.