KRAS and colorectal carcinoma: While the confusion matrix of both the training and validation sets in the RF prediction model for KRAS mutation status displayed a marginally higher false negative rate (refer to Fig. 8A and B), it is noteworthy that the ROC curve of this RF model for forecasting KRAS mutation status in CRC patients exhibited an AUC value exceeding 0.9 in the training set and an AUC value surpassing 0.8 in the validation set (as shown in Fig. 8C), which underscored the model’s substantial predictive efficacy.