APP and Alzheimer disease: The majority of the transgenic AD models such as 3xTg, APP/PS1, 5xFAD, PS2APP, Tg2576, TgCRND8, TAPP, are generated to mimic genetic mutations in amyloid precursor protein (APP) and/or presenilins (PSEN) relevant to familial AD (FAD) (Yokoyama et al., 2022).