Moreover, recent research has shown that GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis plays a significant role in the occurrence and development of DN (Zuo et al., 2021), and AS-IV could alleviate MI-induced myocardial fibrosis and cardiac remodeling by suppressing the ROS/Caspase-1/GSDMD signaling pathway (Zhang et al., 2022). This evidence concerns the gene ST6GALNAC4 and liver dysplastic nodule.