SMAD4 and colorectal carcinoma: LINC00941 competed with the β-transducin repeats-containing protein (β-TrCP) E3 ubiquitin ligase to bind SMAD4, and this competition prevented SMAD4 degradation, thus activating TGF-β signaling, which induced the expression of cell invasion and metastasis genes (e.g. vimentin, fibronectin, and TWIST1), while decreased the levels of the main invasion suppressors E-cadherin and ZO-1 in CRC cells (79).