TGFB1 and cancer: Elevated neutrophil levels in the bloodstream, along with the heightened expression of cancer-promoting and blood vessel growth-stimulating molecules like vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), contribute to the creation of a conducive environment for tumor growth (25–27).