Alternatively, Whole exome sequencing (WES) was employed to investigate FNMTC susceptibility genes by focusing on one or several pedigrees, resulting in the discovery of genes like DUOX2 at 15q21.1 (11), NOP53 at 19q13.33 (12), and MAP2K5 at 15q23 (13). Here, DUOX2 is linked to familial papillary or follicular thyroid carcinoma.