ACE and sarcoidosis: Patients 2, 3, and 4 were clinically diagnosed with systemic sarcoidosis with cardiac involvement because they had clinical findings suggestive of pulmonary or ophthalmic sarcoidosis, and at least two of the following five characteristic laboratory findings of sarcoidosis: BHL, high serum ACE activity or elevated serum lysozyme levels, high serum sIL-2R levels, significant tracer accumulation on 67 Ga citrate scintigraphy or FDG-PET/CT, a high percentage of lymphocytes with a CD4/CD8 ratio of > 3.5 in BAL fluid.