demonstrated that ALDH2 alleviated the ischemia and reperfusion injury in diabetic cardiomyopathy through inhibition of mitoPTP opening and activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway (75); (2) low ALDH2 activity exacerbated 4HNE-mediated coronary endothelial cell injury and thereby cardiac dysfunction and ischemia-reperfusion injury (76, 77). Here, ALDH2 is linked to diabetic cardiomyopathy.