There was elevated expression of Ahr (Aryl hydrocarbon receptor), cyclin D1, Elk1 (ETS domain-containing protein), and CD117, and reduced expression of forkhead box 1 (Foxo1), Foxo4, IRF4, Myc, nuclear factor of activated T cell (NF-AT), T-bet, nuclear respiratory factor 1 (Nrf1), Nrf2, mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), and v-Maf musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene (Maf) homolog F (MafF) in IL-27rα−/− mice infected with influenza. Here, NRF1 is linked to influenza.