MMP1 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: For instance, Sierra et.al reported that SMOX participated in Helicobacter pylori‐induced β‐catenin activation in gastric cancer oncogenesis.[24] The byproduct of the SMOX reaction produces the proinflammatory chemokine CXC motif ligand 1 (CXCL1), promoting cell migration.[25] Consistently, we discovered that the YBX1/m5C‐SMOX axis enhanced the ESCC malignant phenotype and was involved in the regulation of proteins associated with EMT and cell stemness maintenance, including MMP1, MMP2, and β‐catenin.