Overall, the recapitulation of GO enrichment analysis in low PD-L1 patients suggested that increased expression of IFNγ-responsive gene signatures and decreased expression of genes related to immune response-activating signaling pathway in CD8 + effector T cells might predict a favorable pathological response in locally advanced ESCC patients who underwent NAT. The gene discussed is IFNG; the disease is esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.