Consistent with other reports [32, 33], STZ-induced T1DM in mice displayed typical morphological and biochemical changes, including ruptured and disorganized myofibrils and cardiac fibrosis (Fig. 2B and C), and increased serum levels of inflammatory factors (TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL-6) (Fig. 2D–F). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.