In accordance with this, the expression of cytokines CXCL1, IL-36γ, IL-1β, and IL-6, which are thought to be critical in the recruitment of neutrophils to the infection sites and promoting inflammation, were significantly reduced in the CDI + T.mu group compared to the CDI group (Fig. 3D–K). This evidence concerns the gene IL6 and clostridium difficile infection.