LRRK2 and Parkinson disease: The administration of caffeine, which was recently identified as a biomarker of resistance to developing PD in individuals with <i>LRRK2</i> mutations, attenuated LPS-induced astrocyte activation specifically in LRRK2 G2019S KI mice.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Our findings suggest that 2 weeks of exposure to LPS is not sufficient to cause dopaminergic neuronal loss in LRRK2 G2019S KI mice but rather results in increased astrocyte activation, which can be ameliorated by caffeine.