INS and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: The 28 novel reproductive hormone variants associated with testosterone in women include those near LAMTOR4 (rs17250196: β=−0.131 (0.0067), P=4.02E-86), associated with hyperthyroidism39 and age at menarche and menopause68, obesity-associated CCDC146 (rs138240474: β=−0.116 (0.0207), P=2.03E-08)67, which is also expressed in the fallopian tubes and endometrium69,70, and SLC8A1 (rs12611602: β=0.0163 (0.003), P=3.79E-08), which causes increased pancreatic beta cell proliferation and insulin secretion in knockout mouse models71.