AD-MSCs can downregulate the immune response through 3 main ways 1) secreting immunosuppressive factors such as IL-10 and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) which can promote maturation of suppressor T cells, 2) reducing dendritic cell maturation, and 3) inhibiting the proliferation of natural killer (NK) cells (Kokai et al., 2014; Zhou et al., 2022). This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and Alzheimer disease.