MAPK1 and colorectal carcinoma: For instance, CRC FMNL2 overexpression can promote CRC angiogenesis and metastasis by activating the ERK/MMP signal pathway [84], exosomal CTLA-4 could mediate the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of HCC cells by mediating PTEN/CD44 signal pathway [85], and exosomal DNAJB11 can activate the downstream MAPK signaling pathway, which would enhance PC invasive ability [87, 88].