Among these differentially expressed proteins, 21 proteins, including AFP and diverse Igs, were up-regulated (p < 0.05) in patients with liver disease (CHB, LC, or HBV-HCC) compared to HC (Fig. 8B), that were mainly enriched in the cellular components of immunoglobulin complex, blood microparticle and cell periphery, the biological process of adaptive immune response, and molecular function of antigen binding (Fig. 8C). This evidence concerns the gene AFP and hepatocellular carcinoma.