Moreover, consistent with this compensatory mechanism, YAP1 protein level remained unchanged upon DPP4 inactivation and DPP4 protein level was not affected by YAP1 inactivation throughout the kinetics of co-culture with cancer cells (Fig. 2P), suggesting that ECM-myCAF can be generated by two different trajectories and that one can replace the other when one is inactivated. This evidence concerns the gene DPP4 and cancer.