Both pan-excitatory M1 and PV-IN M33 module abundances were lower in AD cases (Fig. 3C, D) and were associated with cognitive function (MMSE and global cognitive function) at last clinical visit prior to death, and negatively associated with severity of dementia and neuropathology (both Aβ and tau) (Fig. 3E, F) although APOE genetic risk was associated with M1, but not M33. Here, APOE is linked to Alzheimer disease.