Immunofluorescence staining further revealed that discontinuous epithelial EpCAM staining, reduced Ki-67+ epithelial cells and increased CD45+ immune cell infiltration in the colons from RorccreCtnnb1ex3fl/wt mice (Supplementary Fig. 3a, b), indicating that over-activation of β-catenin signaling in ILC3s resulted in impaired intestinal epithelial repair and increased inflammatory responses in a DSS-induced colitis model. Here, PTPRC is linked to colitis.