CENPE and cancer: In summary, there are three main mechanisms of drug resistance mechanisms of CENP-E inhibitors, including the gene mutations in the CENP-E gene (Pisa et al., 2020), the expression of the P-glycoprotein (Tcherniuk and Oleinikov, 2015), and the different expression levels of CENP-E proteins in diverse cancer cells (Wood et al., 2010) (Figure 6).