KLK3 and neoplasm: The current clinical goldstandard methods for diagnosing PCa include digital rectal examination(DRE) and the measurement of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA).The definitive confirmation of tumor presence is achieved throughthe conduction of transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy (PB).2,3 However, the serum PSA level, typically set at >4 ng/mL, is nota definitive indicator of PCa, as it can be influenced by irritations,prostatitis, benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH), or dietary factors.4−6 Consequently, PB is crucial for a conclusive diagnosis.