Additionally, co-localization of epithelial and mesenchymal markers from IPF lungs has been observed, including zinc finger E-box binding homeobox factor 1 (ZEB1), β-catenin, mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1 (ROCK1), N-cadherin, Ki-67, vimentin, and collagen I.61,62 These studies together demonstrate that AECs undergoing EMT could constitute the population of myofibroblasts. Here, ROCK1 is linked to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.