GSTM1 and edema: According to CDC, patient can be diagnosed with severe malaria if fulfilled at least one of criteria including high percent parasitemia (> 5%), severe anemia (Hb < 7 g/dL), or metabolic abnormalities such as impaired consciousness, seizures, circulatory collapse/shock, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) or pulmonary edema, acidosis, acute kidney injury, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) or abnormal bleeding, and jaundice [16].