We next assessed expression levels of various cytokines and chemokines (i.e., IFNB1, IFNL1, IFNL2/3, IFIT1, IFIT3, OAS1, MX1, IL‐6, CXCL10, and IFITM1) which were triggered by influenza and OC43 virus infections alone or together by qPCR. Here, OAS1 is linked to influenza.