Loss of APC function has also been implicated in CIN, which involves widespread copy number changes, structural variants and large-scale chromosomal rearrangements.13 Evidence for the role of APC in maintaining chromosomal integrity during mitosis comes from mouse experiments, in which APC-mutant embryonic stem cells have been shown to have extensive mitotic spindle aberrations.14 Here, APC is linked to cervical squamous intraepithelial neoplasia.