The differing prognostic relevance of TGF-β1 rs1800470 and TGF-βR1 rs334348 across an array of cancer types could be attributed to an assortment of factors, including the simultaneous existence of other oncogenic agents (e.g., HPV), the heterogeneity of tumors, differing molecular subclasses, and unique alterations within the tumor microenvironment. Here, TGFBR1 is linked to cancer.