Notably, our most recent study suggested that both TGF-β1 rs1800470 and TGF-βR1 rs334348 might significantly affect the survival of patients with human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated oropharyngeal cancer [22], while it remains unknown whether the same genetic variants of TGF-β1 and TGF-βR1 impact the clinical outcomes of smoking-related head and neck cancer. The gene discussed is TGFBR1; the disease is head and neck cancer.