To further verify the impacts of PIE on macrophage polarization of female mice offspring lung cancer model, we found that the expressions of mRNA encoding M2 macrophage markers including Arg-1, Mrc1 (CD206) were increased in lung cancer offspring whose prenatal mothers were exposed to LPS (P < 0.05), while the expressions of iNOS and CD86 (M1 macrophage markers) were not affected (P > 0.05) (Fig. 4b). Here, CD86 is linked to lung cancer.