This binding enhances TGF-β gene expression via various signaling pathways, such as nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/Heme oxygenase-1 (Nrf2/HO-1), Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK2/STAT3), and p38 Mitogen-activated protein kinase/Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (p38 MAPK/NF-κB), and contributes to collagen deposition, which aggravates the progression of PF [32]. This evidence concerns the gene HMOX1 and pemphigus foliaceus.