TERT and astrocytoma (excluding glioblastoma): These include mutations in IDH for astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas, TERT promoter mutations for glioblastomas, EGFR amplification for glioblastomas, gain of chromosome 7 and loss of chromosome 10 for glioblastomas, ATRX mutations for astrocytomas, MGMT promoter methylation for glioblastomas, co-deletion of 1p and 19q chromosomes for oligodendrogliomas, and distinct molecular subtypes for medulloblastoma (MBs)9 (See Tables 2 and 3).