In Model 2 adjusted for VPA, MPA, sedentary activity time, gender, age, race, marital status, educational level, family income level, smoke history, albumin, creatinine levels and the presence of comorbidities including CHD, stroke, chronic bronchitis, liver conditions and high cholesterol, VPA was not associated with a reduction in all-cause mortality compared to participants without VPA (HR, 0.81; 95% CI 0.61–1.06). This evidence concerns the gene ALB and Stroke.