This suggests that the orchestration of CXCR4 pre-targeting and clustering by P-BS-CM1 → P-PS-CM2, which potentiated PDT by alleviating tumor hypoxia (Fig. 6c) and increasing susceptibility (Fig. 7), exceeded the tumor accumulation benefits conferred by multivalent CXCR4 targeting in the P-BS-PS group. This evidence concerns the gene CXCR4 and neoplasm.