CXCL12 and neoplasm: Moreover, P-BS-CM1 → P-CM2 substantially downregulated transduction of CXCR4-CXCL12 axis intracellular signals, Ras-associated metastatic pathways, proteins involved in cell migration/adhesion, tumor invasion/dissemination, alongside expression/secretion of metastasis-promoting factors (Fig. 4f).