To validate the expression of the key factors identified through spatial transcriptomics in IPMN tissues, we conducted a quantitative analysis of nuclear HOXB3, SPDEF, and NKX6-2 expression in IPMN epithelial cells using the PhenoImager platform (AKOYA). The gene discussed is SPDEF; the disease is pancreatic intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasm.