TNF and hepatocellular carcinoma: Certain studies have suggested that LCA is linked with tumor necrosis factor-alpha, Crohn disease, and either Gaucher’s disease.[5–9] Most studies also confirm that LCA is caused by various stimulating factors such as chronic infection or tumors.[3] Approximately 30% of LCA patients are accompanied by various types of malignant tumors, most of which are visceral malignant tumors such as colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma.