Conversely, administration of the colony stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R) inhibitor, PLX3397, in a mouse model of stroke eliminated microglia, resulting in increased infarct size, neuronal signaling dysregulation, and cell death, which was reversed markedly by microglial repopulation (Szalay et al., 2016). The gene discussed is CSF1R; the disease is stroke disorder.